Nginx網頁伺服器安裝

通常Linux環境下的網頁伺服器，預設是Apache為主。為了追求高效能及穩定高情況之下，Apache伺服器執行的品質就不是很好，因此俄羅斯的一個軟體公司就開發一款名為 Nginx網頁伺服器。本篇主要介紹LNMP(Linux+Nginx+Mysql+PHP)安裝，以編譯方式來安裝Nginx、MySQL及PHP這三套軟體。

1. 增加新Repos (ex:HowtoForge)
2. 下載Gcc,gcc-c++(編譯工具),libjpeg,libjpeg-devel…等等

1

sudo bash
LANG=C
yum  install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

• 安裝前先檢查，確定有bison及cmake這兩個套件

rpm -qa|egrep '(bison|cmake)'

• 解壓縮 mysql-5.5.16.tar.gz後，執行cmake參數設定。可參考(./configure與cmake差異對照)
  1. 以下幾個常用參數-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 指定mysql要安裝在哪個目錄
  2. DMYSQL_DATADIR 指定Mysql資料庫位置
  3. -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT 指定與Mysql伺服器連線所用的阜口。預設是3306
  4. -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR 使用UNIX socket file
  5. -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 指定預設使用UTF8編碼
  6. -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 指定Default collation 編碼
  7. -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all default is “all”
  8. -DMYSQL_USER=mysql mysql is the default
  9. -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 開啟InnoDB儲存引擎
  10. -DWITH_READLINE 開啟Readline函數庫
  11. -DWITH_SSL=system 開啟SSL library

[root@yao88 src]#tar zxvf mysql-5.5.16.tar.gz
[root@yao88 mysql-5.5.16]#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

• 開始編譯及安裝

[root@yao88 mysql-5.5.16]#make
[root@yao88 mysql-5.5.16]#make install

• 建立系統帳號使用者集群組,並改變/usr/local/mysql權限

#groupadd mysql
#useradd -s /bin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#chown -R mysql .
#chgrp -R mysql .

• 新增Mysql資料庫，指定以使用者mysql帳號登入

#/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
(此資料庫會建立在 /var/lib/mysql)

• 複製mysql設定檔、啟動檔及Binary檔

#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /bin/mysql

• 測試看看!啟動mysql伺服器

#/etc/init.d/mysqld start

1. php-5.3.8套件版本
2. 安裝php前,所需套件
   • libiconv-1.14
   • libmcrypt-2.5.8
   • mhash-0.9.9.9
   • mcrypt-2.6.8

• libiconv-1.13.1

# cd libiconv-1.13.1/
#./configure
#make
#make install

• libmcrypt-2.5.8

#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
#./configure
#make
#make install
#ldconfig
#cd libltdl/
#./configure --enable-ltdl-install
#make
#make install

• mhash-0.9.9.9

#cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
#./configure
#make
#make install

• mcrypt-2.6.8

連結libmcrypt及mhash相關函數到 /usr/lib64/ (本文實作於64位元;若是32位元是在/usr/lib/)
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
#ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

#cd mcrypt-2.6.8
#./configure
#make
#make install

• 增加mysql相關函式庫到 /usr/lib64/mysql(本文實作於64位元;若是32位元是在/usr/lib/mysql/)

#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.a /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.a
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient_r.a  /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a 
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so.18 /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.18
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so.18.0.0 /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.18.0.0
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0 /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqld.a /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqld.a
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlservices.a /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlservices.a
#ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/ /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin

• 開始編譯PHP主程式

php5.3.3版本之後，php-fpm模組已經包含在原始碼中了，不必透過patch再執行編譯。
#cd php-5.3.8
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \ (指php安裝目錄)
-> --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \  (指php設定檔安裝位置)
-> --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \  (指mysql安裝的地方)
-> --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config   \  (指 mysqli 資料庫連線執行檔)
-> --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local  \ (打開文字編碼自符集間的轉換)
-> --with-freetype-dir  \  (打開對freetype字體庫的支持)
-> --with-jpeg-dir \     (打開jpeg圖片的支持)
-> --with-png-dir \    (打開png圖片的支持)
-> --with-zlib   \     (zlib庫的支持)
-> -with-curl  \   (curl瀏覽工具的支持)
-> --with-curlwrappers \(curl工具打開url流)
-> --with-libXML-dir  \ (xml函式庫支持)
-> --enable-xml      \  (允許xml函式庫)
-> --disable-rpath \  ( 關閉額外的運行庫文件)
-> --enable-safe-mode \ (打開安全模式)
->  --enable-bcmath   \  (圖片大小調整)
->  --enable-shmop  \
->  --enable-sysvsem \
->  --enable-fpm    \  (允許php-fpm)
->  --enable-fastcgi \ (支持fastcgi方式啟動PHP)
->  --enable-force-cgi-redirect \
->  --enable-inline-optimization \
->  --enable-mbregex  \
->  --enable-mbstring \ (多字節，字符串的支持)
->  --with-mcrypt   \  (mcrypt 演算法)
->  --with-gd   \      (gd圖形)
->   --enable-gd-native-ttf \ (支持TrueType字符串函數庫)
->  --with-openssl \ (安全 ssl)
->  --with-mhash  \ (mhash 演算法)
->  --enable-pcntl \ (連結mysql用到的)
->  --enable-sockets \(打開復口支持)
->  --with-ldap \ (ldap支持)
-> --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc  --enable-zip --enable-soap

#make 
#make install

• 先確定系統是否安裝pcre函式庫套件

  #rpm -qi pcre

• 承第一項，若沒有pcre函式庫就安裝它

  #yum -y install pcre

• 編譯安裝Nginx

  #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_ssl_module
  # make && make install

• 新增使用者及群組名為www(系統帳號)

  #useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/nginx/html -r www

• 複製php-fpm及nginx啟動檔

  #cp -a /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
  #cp -a /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /etc/init.d/nginx

• 修改nginx設定檔

  #vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  user  www;  #剛新增系統帳號
  worker_processes  5;
   
  #error_log  logs/error.log;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log  info;
   
  pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; #nginx啟動時，會給定一個程序ID
   
   
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
   
   
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
   
      #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
      #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
      #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
   
      #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
   
      sendfile        on;
      #tcp_nopush     on;
   
      #keepalive_timeout  0;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
   
      #gzip  on;
   
      server {
          listen       80; #Web server Port
          server_name  andy; #主機名稱
   
          #charset koi8-r;
   
          #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
   
          location / {
              root   html;
              index  index.html index.htm index.php;
          }
   
          #error_page  404              /404.html;
   
          # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
          #
          error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root   html;
          }
   
          # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
          #
          #location ~ \.php$ {
          #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
          #}
   
          # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
          #
          location ~ \.php$ {
              root           html;
              fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  #執行 *.php 程式所使用的Port
              fastcgi_index  index.php;
              #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
              fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
              include        fastcgi_params;
          }
   
          # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
          # concurs with nginx's one
          #
          #location ~ /\.ht {
          #    deny  all;
          #}
      }
   
   
      # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
      #
      #server {
      #    listen       8000;
      #    listen       somename:8080;
      #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
   
      #    location / {
      #        root   html;
      #        index  index.html index.htm;
      #    }
      #}
   
   
      # HTTPS server
      #
      #server {
      #    listen       443;
      #    server_name  localhost;
   
      #    ssl                  on;
      #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
      #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
   
      #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
   
      #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
      #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
      #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
   
      #    location / {
      #        root   html;
      #        index  index.html index.htm;
      #    }
      #}
   
  }

• 啟動 nginx及php-fpm服務及檢查服務的PORT是否有啟動

  #/etc/init.d/nginx
  #/etc/init.d/php-fpm
  #netstat -tulnp|egrep '(80|9000)' 

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