======圖片說明====== {{:network:靜態路由1.gif|}} ======網卡介面設定====== 1. 台中Router: * fa0/0:192.168.4.254 * s0/1:172.16.3.254 * se0/0:172.16.4.253 2. 高雄Router: * fa0/0:192.168.3.254 * se0/0:172.16.3.253 * s0/1:172.16.2.254 * se0/2:172.16.5.254 3. 新竹Router: * fa0/0:192.168.2.254 * s0/1:172.16.1.254 * se0/0:172.16.2.253 4. 台北Router: * fa0/0:192.168.1.254 * se0/0:172.16.1.253 * s0/1:172.16.4.254 * se0/2:172.16.5.253 5. 設定網卡介面作法(以台中路由為例): taichung>enable taichung# taichung#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. taichung(config)#int fa0/0 taichung(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0(設定網卡參數) taichung(config-if)#no shut (啟動的意思) taichung(config-if)#int s0/1 taichung(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.254 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-if)#no shut taichung(config-if)#int se0/0 taichung(config-if)#ip address 172.16.4.253 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-if)#no shut taichung(config-if)#exit taichung#sh ip int brief (秀出網路卡介面簡易資訊) Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.4.254 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 172.16.4.253 YES manual up up Serial0/1 172.16.3.254 YES manual up up Serial0/2 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/3 unassigned YES manual administratively down down ======路由設定====== 路由方式:分兩類 針對網路架構選擇其中一類即可。另外動態路由又可分為有級別路由(classful routing)與無級別路由(classless routing), 有級別路由:主機與路由器網路介面不傳遞子網路遮罩(Subnet Mask)。 有級別路由協定:RIP version1,igrp 無級別路由:會記錄子網路遮罩欄位,所以適用於不同長度子網路遮罩(VLSM)的網路環境。 無級別路由協定:RIP VERSION2,EIGRP,OSPF - 靜態路由 - 動態路由 * RIP * EIGRP * OSPF =====靜態路由===== * 台中 (pc4->pc5:) ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254 (pc4->台北與新竹之間:) ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254 (pc4->Pc3 and Pc2:) ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254 (ipc4->Pc1,Pc6:) ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.253 sh ip route * 高雄 ( pc1->pc4:) ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.254 (pc1->台北:) ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.5.253 (pc1->Pc3 and Pc2:) ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.253 sh ip route * 新竹 ( pc3->pc4:) ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253 (pc3->台北與台中之間:) ip route 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253 (pc3->Pc5:) ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253 (ipc4->Pc1,Pc6 :) ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.254 sh ip route * 台北 ( pc5->pc4:) ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.253 (pc5->高雄:) ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.5.254 (pc5->Pc3 and Pc2:) ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.254 sh ip route =====動態路由===== =====RIP===== * 台中 taichung#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' taichung#conf t taichung(config)#router rip taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 高雄 k#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' k#conf t k(config)#router rip k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 新竹 S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' S#conf t S(config)#router rip S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 台北 taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' taipei#conf t taipei(config)#router rip taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' =====EIGRP===== * 台中 taichung#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' taichung#conf t taichung(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊' taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 taichung(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結' taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 高雄 k#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' k#conf t k(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊' k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 k(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結' k(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 新竹 S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' S#conf t S(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊' S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 S(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結' S(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' * 台北 taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' taipei#conf t taipei(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊' taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 taipei(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結' taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' =====OSPF===== 目前本範例只是單一區域,即是area 0 * 台中 taichung#conf t taichung(config)#router ospf 1 '用給予ProcessID,啟用OSPF協定。此值只針對本機有效,和別的Router無任何關係。' taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route ospf '看OSPF路由設定狀態' * 高雄 k#conf t k(config)#router ospf 66 k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 * 新竹 S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' S#conf t S(config)#router ospf 33 S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 * 台北 taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態' taipei#conf t taipei(config)#router ospf 55 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態' =====OSPF 檢修===== * sh ip ospf (**顯示正運行ospf相關資訊。有Router ID,Area區域資訊,ospf Process ID,LSA計時器**) * sh ip ospf database (**顯示自己及鄰近RouterID,LinkID等相關資訊。**) * sh ip ospf interface (**顯示此路由器的網路介面與OSPF相關資訊**) * sh ip ospf neighbor (**顯示此路由器與相鄰的路由器狀態資訊**) * sh ip protocols (**所有路由協定都可使用此指令,看路由協定運作狀態。**) ======網路測試====== 1. 逐段測試 * Example: * PC4 Ping 192.168.4.254 * pc4 Ping 172.16.4.253 * pc4 Ping 172.16.4.254 2. 台中、台北、高雄或新竹互Ping