======圖片說明======
{{:network:靜態路由1.gif|}}
======網卡介面設定======
1. 台中Router:
* fa0/0:192.168.4.254
* s0/1:172.16.3.254
* se0/0:172.16.4.253
2. 高雄Router:
* fa0/0:192.168.3.254
* se0/0:172.16.3.253
* s0/1:172.16.2.254
* se0/2:172.16.5.254
3. 新竹Router:
* fa0/0:192.168.2.254
* s0/1:172.16.1.254
* se0/0:172.16.2.253
4. 台北Router:
* fa0/0:192.168.1.254
* se0/0:172.16.1.253
* s0/1:172.16.4.254
* se0/2:172.16.5.253
5. 設定網卡介面作法(以台中路由為例):
taichung>enable
taichung#
taichung#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
taichung(config)#int fa0/0
taichung(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0(設定網卡參數)
taichung(config-if)#no shut (啟動的意思)
taichung(config-if)#int s0/1
taichung(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.254 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-if)#no shut
taichung(config-if)#int se0/0
taichung(config-if)#ip address 172.16.4.253 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-if)#no shut
taichung(config-if)#exit
taichung#sh ip int brief (秀出網路卡介面簡易資訊)
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.4.254 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/0 172.16.4.253 YES manual up up
Serial0/1 172.16.3.254 YES manual up up
Serial0/2 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/3 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
======路由設定======
路由方式:分兩類
針對網路架構選擇其中一類即可。另外動態路由又可分為有級別路由(classful routing)與無級別路由(classless routing),
有級別路由:主機與路由器網路介面不傳遞子網路遮罩(Subnet Mask)。
有級別路由協定:RIP version1,igrp
無級別路由:會記錄子網路遮罩欄位,所以適用於不同長度子網路遮罩(VLSM)的網路環境。
無級別路由協定:RIP VERSION2,EIGRP,OSPF
- 靜態路由
- 動態路由
* RIP
* EIGRP
* OSPF
=====靜態路由=====
* 台中
(pc4->pc5:)
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254
(pc4->台北與新竹之間:)
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254
(pc4->Pc3 and Pc2:)
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.254
(ipc4->Pc1,Pc6:)
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.253
sh ip route
* 高雄
( pc1->pc4:)
ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.254
(pc1->台北:)
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.5.253
(pc1->Pc3 and Pc2:)
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.253
sh ip route
* 新竹
( pc3->pc4:)
ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253
(pc3->台北與台中之間:)
ip route 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253
(pc3->Pc5:)
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.253
(ipc4->Pc1,Pc6 :)
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.254
sh ip route
* 台北
( pc5->pc4:)
ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.253
(pc5->高雄:)
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.5.254
(pc5->Pc3 and Pc2:)
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.254
sh ip route
=====動態路由=====
=====RIP=====
* 台中
taichung#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
taichung#conf t
taichung(config)#router rip
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 高雄
k#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
k#conf t
k(config)#router rip
k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 新竹
S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
S#conf t
S(config)#router rip
S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 台北
taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
taipei#conf t
taipei(config)#router rip
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
=====EIGRP=====
* 台中
taichung#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
taichung#conf t
taichung(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊'
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
taichung(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結'
taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 高雄
k#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
k#conf t
k(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊'
k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
k(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結'
k(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 新竹
S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
S#conf t
S(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊'
S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
S(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結'
S(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
* 台北
taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
taipei#conf t
taipei(config)#router eigrp 50 '50為AS編號。AS相同,路由器彼此才能分享路由表資訊'
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
taipei(config-router)#no auto-summary '鎖掉路徑總結'
taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
=====OSPF=====
目前本範例只是單一區域,即是area 0
* 台中
taichung#conf t
taichung(config)#router ospf 1 '用給予ProcessID,啟用OSPF協定。此值只針對本機有效,和別的Router無任何關係。'
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taichung(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taichung(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taichung(config-router)#do sh ip route ospf '看OSPF路由設定狀態'
* 高雄
k#conf t
k(config)#router ospf 66
k(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
k(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
k(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
k(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
* 新竹
S#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
S#conf t
S(config)#router ospf 33
S(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
S(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
S(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
* 台北
taipei#sh ip route '看路由設定狀態'
taipei#conf t
taipei(config)#router ospf 55
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taipei(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taipei(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
taipei(config-router)#do sh ip route '再看路由設定狀態'
=====OSPF 檢修=====
* sh ip ospf (**顯示正運行ospf相關資訊。有Router ID,Area區域資訊,ospf Process ID,LSA計時器**)
* sh ip ospf database (**顯示自己及鄰近RouterID,LinkID等相關資訊。**)
* sh ip ospf interface (**顯示此路由器的網路介面與OSPF相關資訊**)
* sh ip ospf neighbor (**顯示此路由器與相鄰的路由器狀態資訊**)
* sh ip protocols (**所有路由協定都可使用此指令,看路由協定運作狀態。**)
======網路測試======
1. 逐段測試
* Example:
* PC4 Ping 192.168.4.254
* pc4 Ping 172.16.4.253
* pc4 Ping 172.16.4.254
2. 台中、台北、高雄或新竹互Ping